نشریه سیاست های راهبردی و کلان
پیاپی 36 (زمستان 1400)

Nowadays, one of the main concerns of governments is the security of border areas. The wider and more diverse these areas are geographically and demographically, the more important it is to ensure their security. Entrepreneurial activities are among the socio-economic activities that can lead to sustainable development in border areas and the present study seeks to answer the question of whether entrepreneurship can be considered by policymakers and planners as a fundamental strategy in ensuring sustainable security of border areas. Therefor, using the qualitative method of narrative research design, concepts and theories related to sustainable security, entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship development planning, and with an explanatory and interpretive approach, the functions of the entrepreneurship phenomenon as a strategy for the development of border areas were analyzed. The results show that entrepreneurship development can be considered as an efficient and effective strategy in providing security in border areas; In a way that creates a win-win relationship for both the residents of these areas and the governments. Entrepreneurship, in addition to creating numerous economic, cultural and social benefits, can lead to increased hope and dynamism, flourishing talents, abilities and capabilities of border residents. The results are in line with the general policies of the system, including population policies, land land use planning and passive defense.

In the water engineering literature, less attention has been paid to the monitoring the quantities required to control and evaluate the operational planning. Therefore, presenting the evaluation and prioritization models with new methods to provide tools for monitoring programs using the latest technologies in the world has been considered and the results of the application of the model have been comprehensively reviewed. In this research, fuzzy decision-making software along with cumulative weighting technique, which is one of the most well-known multi-criteria decision-making methods, has been used. For this purpose, using the Delphi method and by designing a questionnaire and obtaining the opinion of experts, appropriate criteria for prioritizing the water macro- policies indicators were specified and the weight of the criteria was determined and according to the possibility of accessing information and data, scoring was performed and evaluated through using the hierarchical analysis process. Based on the prioritization by fuzzy multi-criteria decision making method, the indicators of per capita water consumption, water with income, the sustainability of water resources, and reduction of waste of products with scores of 100, 85.31, 80.47 and 80.02 are ranked first to fourth, respectively, among the 20 considered indicators for evaluating water sector. While in Analytical Hierarchy process, indicators of groundwater stability, control of outflow water from the borders, equipping farm lands with modern main and secondary networks and new irrigation systems were superior with scours of 100, 50.20, 42 and 23.89, respectively.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the good implementation of strategic and macro policies of science and technology in Iran by the policy network method. To this end, by reviewing the literature in the field of public policy and especially science and technology policy, a theoretical framework including three stages of general policy (including two levels of mega policies and meta policies), executive policy (including Three sections of demand-side policies, supply-side policies and interaction infrastructure policies) and policy evaluation (at three levels of outputs, outcomes and effects) were developed. Then, the Iranian Science and Technology Policy Network in the current situation, based on policy documents and opinions of experts, was mapped and compared with each other. For this purpose, 25 policy documents were reviewed firstly and then a questionnaire was developed and distributed among 50 experts in Iranian science and technology policy. UCINet and NetDraw were used to analyze and draw the maps obtained from policy documents and experts' opinions, and T-test was used to compare them with SPSS. The results show that the performance of Iran's science and technology policy network based on expert opinions is almost 44% different from the tasks of policy documents. This means that in the policy missions of a number of institutions of the Iranian Science and Technology Policy Network, there are significant differences between what is mentioned in the policy documents and what is done in practice. There is also a serious lack of performance on some science and technology policies.

The process of policy formulation has been effective in public policies prosperity. Elites are the ones taking advantages from the success of elites’ public policies formulation in any country. They, in fact, do not attend actively in the issue. Therefore, in this study, it has been considered the recognition of factors forming the above-mentioned challenge. The study is the combined one which is done on the quality part. The data gathered through half-organized interviews done by 26 elites’ participation, also analyzing the qualitative content in the form of 47 basic concepts and 9 original subjects. On the quantities, to analyze the data, there have been offered questioners on qualitative results, using 20 elites’ opinions along with interpretive structural modeling. The findings showed the most effective of triple obstacles in the network of elite’s participation: drawback of opposition bearing culture and conflict of votes in the country, lack of meritocracy culture and excessive politicization in government.

Nowadays, higher education in agriculture has faced many challenges, which the most important one is reduction in the number of students who are interested in studying these majors and unemployment increasing rate among the graduated of agricultural colleges. Thus, study of the leading countries in the field of policies in this matter cab be very helpful. This paper aims to examine the agricultural higher education system policies with an approach macro policies of Iran agricultural sector. The studied cases, India, United States of America and Netherlands which leading countries in higher agricultural education, were choose as a statistical sample and using comparative analysis, similarities and differences were identified. The results showed that higher agricultural education has faces threats in the all of the world. This is a general issue and not just specific to a particular country but the difference between countries is in responding and thinking about threats and formulating coherent clear and efficient policies and acting on them determine the success rate of countries that determine the success rate of the countries. According to further findings and study of the experiences of countries more similar to Iran, the paper suggests more two strategies for the implementation of agricultural higher education policies such as branding and marketing orientation. Also, the result of this research can contribute to the policy makers in higher agricultural to provide the polices and strategies.

Poverty is a global and multidimensional issue that all societies may experience and in different ways. Poverty can be defined as the inability to meet basic needs, and it is obvious that the inability to meet basic needs, in various respects, creates severe crises at the individual and social levels. Given the widespread dimensions of poverty, efforts to reduce it through the implementation of poverty alleviation initiatives are doubly important and seem necessary. The main purpose of this study was to identify various poverty alleviation policies and initiatives and the factors that monitor their success and failure in the peer-reviewed journal papers in Persian published between 2006 and 2020. This study uses a systematic review approach to examine papers related to poverty alleviation in the last fifteen years. After searching in databases such as: Noormags, Ensani.ir, Magiran, and Sid.ir using keywords related to poverty and poverty alleviation, and deleting irrelevant papers, 69 articles were obtained. The results of reading and analyzing the papers show that poverty is mainly measured by instruments such as income. This confirms that the orientation towards poverty is mainly dominated by the economic view and other dimensions of poverty, especially the social dimension, have been neglected to huge extent. Among the implemented or proposed initiatives, the policy of job creation and development of income-generating home-based activities has been considered as one of the most effective and sustainable programs, which is also overshadowed by the lack of allocation of facilities and financial resources.

In a situation where none of the exports and imports are allowed for that country and they are economically dependent and monopolistic, after facing economic crises and the threat of sanctions, they move towards a resistance economy and strengthening the economic system.The purpose of this study is to investigate the drivers of the implementation of the policies of resistance economic policies in Sistan and Baluchestan province. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the study includes managers, planners, experts and knowledgeable professors in the field of affairs, whose number was estimated at 33 people. Due to the limited statistical population, the sample size is 33 people. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. After collecting the questionnaire and entering the data into SPSS software, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.84. The results showed that at the macro level, 11 micro-policies were analyzed. According to experts and data analysis, being a leader in knowledge-based economy with an average of 26.4, providing food security and treatment with an average of 26.4, is the first priority among the micro-policies of resistance economy policies in Sistan province and Baluchistan gained.Resistance economics is a strategy, that is, it is directional and vital, and it prevents crises from occurring. Resistance economics is a macro strategy that, if properly analyzed, will dominate other economic strategies and overshadow all economic issues and their strategies.

Today, widespread changes in the economic, social and competitive environment of organizations, their effectiveness has faced serious problems and has led them to become high-performance organizations. High-performance work systems are organizations that, by adopting a different management approach than other organizations, try to increase their level of performance through more employee participation and intervention in the organization's activities. The present study aims to explain the pattern of formation of high performance systems with the approach of reducing organizational disobedience in government organizations in order to fill the wide gap in the study of organizational behavior, to help organizations reduce the destructive consequences of organizational disobedience. Therefore, considering the combined approach in the qualitative sector, using the method of content analysis and in-depth interviews with 20 public management experts, has explained the theoretical model of high performance with the approach of organizational disobedience. This model consists of four main themes: 1) High-performance work procedures with an organizational disobedience reduction approach (procedures at the structural level and procedures at the team level); 2) results (team results and organizational results); 3) mediating conditions (vandalistic behaviors); 4) The conditions of the context (cultural context and organizational context). Then, in the second step, using the technique of confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling among 375 managers and employees of government organizations in Kohgiluyeh province, the resulting model was fitted, validated and tested. The results show that the relationships between the research variables are positive and significant.